First translated into Persian in 1949, Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is among the most popular works of American fiction in Iran. Although the anti-US policy of the post-1979 political system has tried to erase the manifestations of the previous period’s American influence, Iranian interest in Huckleberry Finn has been inc…[Read more]

نوگرایی شعری در کشورهای مختلف با پذیرش والت ویتمن، پدر شعر آزاد امریکا همراه بوده‌است. روندی مشابه در شعر فارسی نیز مشاهده می‌شود. آشنایی فارسی‌زبانان با ویتمن به زمانی برمی‌گردد که شعر فارسی در آستانة تحول بود. نخست یوسف اعتصام‌الملک در سال ۱۳۰۱ بخش کوتاهی از شعر ویتمن را ترجمه و در مجلة بهار منتشر کرد. بعدها پروین اعتصامی در شعر «جولای خ…[Read more]

Depending on Stephen R. Donaldson’s use of genre, whether science fiction or fantasy, it modifies his essential humanism. In his science fiction, Donaldson accept a more socially embedded humanity. In his fantasy, he leans towards an interiority that is independent of social context.

Although Poul Anderson is best known for his prose, he dabbled in poetry all his life, and his historical interests led him to become a major—if unacknowledged—contributor to the twentieth-century alliterative revival. This revival, most often associated with British poets such as W. H. Auden, J. R. R. Tolkien, and C. S. Lewis, attempted to ada…[Read more]

Although alliterative poetry—a medieval Germanic meter based on similar-sounding initial stressed syllables—first flourished in Old English and Old Norse literature, a resurgence of the meter has appeared within the twentieth century. The most famous modern practitioners have been J. R. R. Tolkien, Ezra Pound, and W. H. Auden, but a wholly neg…[Read more]

پروین اعتصامی (۱۲۸۵ـ ۱۳۲۰)، شاعر نامدار معاصر، در شعرهایش از منابع متعددی بهره برده‌است؛ اما نکته­ جالب توجه این است که او در تمام این برداشت‌های ادبی، اشعار خود را کاملاً از آثار پیشین متمایز می‌کند. پروین عناصری را که از آثار دیگران وام گرفته ­است‌ هنرمندانه با عناصر شعر خود و سنت ادبی فارسی درمی‌آمیزد و آن را از آن خود می‌کند؛ به ­گ…[Read more]

This article examines the temporality of interlinear translation through a case study of the rendering of Friedrich Hölderlin’s poetry into Persian. We argue that, in its adherence to the word order of the original, the interlinear crib prioritizes the temporality of the instant (kairos) over the temporality of the linear sequence (chronos). Ka…[Read more]

Parvin Iʿtisami (1907–1941), the first important twentieth-century woman poet of Iran, was well versed in classical Persian poetry. Her knowledge of English language and education at the American school for girls as well as her father’s translations from foreign literature contributed to her appreciation of modern ideas, including women’s rights…[Read more]

As Seyed-Gohrab rightly mentions in the introduction to this volume, “poets and writers are so essential in the turbulent history of twentieth-century Iran that any history of modern Iran neglecting the role of literature … would be seriously incomplete” (14). This volume, focusing on the second half of the twentieth century, provides a his…[Read more]

Through offering an ethnography of a group of educated, middle-class women who “had been attending weekly Qur’an and classical poetry classes for years” (xii), the volume shows that poetry and prayer are companions in the cultural history of Iran. It attempts to answer the question, “What does this companionship mean for forms of religio…[Read more]

As Seyed-Gohrab rightly mentions in the introduction to this volume, “poets and writers are so essential in the turbulent history of twentieth-century Iran that any history of modern Iran neglecting the role of literature … would be seriously incomplete” (14). This volume, focusing on the second half of the twentieth century, provides a his…[Read more]

Building on the author’s PhD thesis on “the British cultural and imaginative engagements with Persia in the nineteenth century” (vi), the volume charts “the diversity of perceptions associated with Persia in Victorian literary culture” (2). It focuses on poetry as the medium through which to survey the Victorian conception of Persia. It consists…[Read more]

This essay traces the development of the right-hand inscription (zuoyouming 座右銘) from its birth in the second century CE through its culmination as a complex literary subgenre in the tenth. Over the course of these eight centuries, right-hand inscriptions were used by some of the most prominent poets of their respective eras, including Cui Yuan…[Read more]

There seems to be a continuum between Fernando Pessoa’s metadrama of heteronyms and his strict-sense plays, but this is more hypothesis than theory, because Pessoa’s dramas—notwithstanding the editions of Teatro Estático (2017) and Fausto (2018)—are still largely unknown. Written between 1903–1908, the tragedy of Marino is the earliest of Pessoa’…[Read more]

Tsao, Hung-ping 曹 恆 平 (2021). Evolutionary Mathematics and Art for Bilingual Poems. In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, Lawrence K. 王 抗 曝 and Tsao, Hung-ping 曹 恆 平 (editors). Volume 3, Number 3, March 2021; 43 pages. Lenox Institute Press, Newtonville, NY, 12128-0405, USA.…[Read more]

Representations of dreams – no matter if factual or fictional – are influenced not only by cultural patterns but also by the specific opportunities offered and the specific challenges posed by the genre or medium which was chosen for them. The essays in this volume consider, in detailed case studies, variants of factual dream reports and fic…[Read more]

The English dramas of Fernando Pessoa are virtually unknown. Pessoa’s archive includes fragments of Marino, Prometheus Rebound (or Revinctus), and Duke of Parma—three dramatic projects that remain almost entirely unpublished. This paper is the first of two aiming to present Marino, the earliest of these English dramas. The editorial int…[Read more]

Emily Dickinson’s unique style of poetic composition is marked by ambiguity and open-endedness, leading to the genesis of a privileged space wherein reader and writer are able to meet as co-creators of meaning. As a poet, Dickinson addresses many themes in ways that are subject to countless layers of interpretation. This essay focuses p…[Read more]

file is too large for this repository so I list the links below:
Link to lecture: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xtDwVTndx4&t=43s
Audio: https://soundcloud.com/unibirmingham/multilingualism-as-a-stimulus-to-islamic-literary-theory

In her lecture, Gould discusses how cross-cultural encounters have generated new literary theories and new…[Read more]

This paper contains two poems by Sappho discovered on papyrus in 2014, in the Greek original with a facing Hungarian translation by the author, along with an essay on Sappho and her historical and cultural context.