To determine the social status of a person, Sorokin coined the idea of Social space. This theme is useful in analyzing the relative position of a person in one’s group and one’s horizontal or vertical movement within and to other groups. Novel is a symbolic space, which makes possible for writers to construct the relative social status of…[Read more]

In this article, much discussed and popular novel of Nazir Ahmad, Miratul Uroos is analyzed in gender perspective. With the analysis of its main character Asghari, it is argued that novelistic fiction brings about in Urdu literature possibilities of human Agency, especially for the hitherto silenced voices of oppressed gender. This character also…[Read more]

Urdu literature saw a “Reform boom” in the second half of nineteenth century. Most of the literati were engaged in understanding, and presenting their views on, the rapidly changing world around them. This article analyses a text produced in 1893 by Shad Azeemabadi, enhancing the need for reform in the Zenana. By underscoring the relationship of…[Read more]

Nazir Ahmad, often considered to be the first Urdu novelist, used narratives for understanding the quickly changing world around him, and in his work, shaped expanding possibilities and new roles for Muslim ashrāf women. Although he is usually thought of as a cleric who had a traditional approach towards society and new forms of knowledge, in…[Read more]

This article explores the normalization of Ashraf Culture and Colonizers in Majalis un-Nisa. It is argued that the colonial authorities tried at their capacity to keep themselves at length from the colonized physically and disseminated the discourse of colonial difference to present themselves as role models symbolically. While preparing the…[Read more]

Identity is a cultural construction. Literary genres also take part in this process. In novel, characters’ particular traits are selected and their actions’ interpreted by the writer in their cultural context. Even the historical novel is no exception. While presenting the historical persons the selection and interpretation are derived from…[Read more]

Spanish abstract: Resumen comentado del artículo de Norman N. Holland “Unity Identity Text Self”, un clásico de la teoría de la recepción literaria desde el punto de vista psicoanalítico. He reescrito el título original en mi propio título de una manera que clarifique más las relaciones que busca establecer Holland entre estos cuatro término…[Read more]

This paper outlines and details historical L2 curriculum development for segments of China’s State education system over a ten-year period beginning with the start of the Sino – Foreign joint programs classes in 2011. A two-year post assessment from 2015~2017. Tracking students continuing test results for both the CET (College English Test) ser…[Read more]

In the early twentieth century, Uchiyama Gudō, Seno’o Girō, Lin Qiuwu, and others advocated a Buddhism that was radical in two respects. Firstly, they adopted a more or less naturalist stance with respect to Buddhist doctrine and related matters, rejecting karma or other supernatural beliefs. And secondly, they held political and economic vie…[Read more]

Spanish abstract: Los sistemas de organización de la información se van desarrollando en la primera era de la imprenta, en el Renacimiento, en las obras de consulta impresas, y en los métodos de catalogación bibliotecaria, con ciertos paralelos a la manera en que luego lo hicieron en un nuevo entorno de tratamiento de textos—en la infor…[Read more]