According to medieval common law, assault against a pregnant woman causing miscarriage after the fi rst trimester was homicide. Some scholars have argued, however, that in practice English jurors refused to acknowledge assaults of this nature as homicide. The underlying argument is that because abortion by assault is a crime against women, male…[Read more]

Sunday, January 23, 1390 was a day that Ralph Peioun of Wotton (Lincs.) and his wife most likely never forgot. On this day, their one-year-old son, Richard, presumably curious and headstrong like most young toddlers his age, made an unfortunate choice of playthings when he picked up a pair of shears and wounded himself in the throat, a fatal…[Read more]

When confronted with cases of self-killing, medieval jurors had to contend with a vast array of often conflicting concerns, from religious and folkloric condemnations of the act of suicide, to fears for the welfare of the family of the dead, and to coping with royal confiscations of a felon’s goods. All of these factors had a profound impact on t…[Read more]

Scholars of the medieval family would generally agree that the lot of the medieval wife was not an easy one. Medieval husbands held the upper hand in the power relationship, both legally and socially. Although Lawrence Stone’s view of niarried life in the Middle Ages as “brutal and often hostile, with little communication, [and] much wife-beating”…[Read more]

The use of the term “community” in historical studies continues to present problems for many medievalists. Myriad studies have emphasized the inadequacy of the term when describing medieval society. Microstudies of manors and villages, especially in the English context, by historians Barbara A. Hanawalt, J. Ambrose Raftis, and Sherri Olson (am…[Read more]

Art historian Barbara Kellum’s 1973 article on child murder in medieval England paints a picture of a world replete with ruthless and murderous single mothers who escaped the legal consequences of their actions due to an indifferent court system that chose to turn a blind eye to the deaths of young children. Despite the overstated tone of her w…[Read more]

The history of homicidal insanity in the courts of law of medieval England.

Given the hurdles one faced in trying to stay healthy in later medieval England, it should come as no surprise that the medieval English placed a premium on competent medicine. As Carole Rawcliffe has argued, “medieval life was beset by constant threats to health arising from poor diet (at both ends of the social spectrum), low levels of h…[Read more]

With regard to English common law, medieval women were able to participate in the curial process in only a limited way. This is not true of women as defendants: women could be sued for almost any civil or criminal plaint, but their privileges as plaintiffs were broadly curtailed by marital status and cultural expectation. The legal fiction of…[Read more]

With regard to English common law, medieval women were able to participate in the curial process in only a limited way. This is not true of women as defendants: women could be sued for almost any civil or criminal plaint, but their privileges as plaintiffs were broadly curtailed by marital status and cultural expectation. The legal fiction of…[Read more]

In the year 1304, Matilda Bonamy of Guernsey, a young woman from one of the Anglo-Norman island’smost established and affluent families, found herself in a predicament familiar to many of today’s youth. A liaison with Jordan Clouet, also from a family of long provenance in Guernsey if not as comfortable, had left her pregnant. To Matilda the sol…[Read more]

In the year 1304, Matilda Bonamy of Guernsey, a young woman from one of the Anglo-Norman island’smost established and affluent families, found herself in a predicament familiar to many of today’s youth. A liaison with Jordan Clouet, also from a family of long provenance in Guernsey if not as comfortable, had left her pregnant. To Matilda the sol…[Read more]

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, a young generation of Syrian experimental composers conceived a space for musiqa mu‘asira, or contemporary art music. Informed by debates on critical aesthetics, modernity, and subjectivity in the Arab world and beyond, these composers drew on particular compositional devices and techniques to m…[Read more]

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag beschreibe ich einen Typus von Glücksspielen, der über mehrere Jahrhunderte in Mittel- und Westeuropa verbreitet war. Meines Wissens gibt es weder für das Spielgerät noch für das damit gespielte Glücksspiel eine einheitliche Bezeichnung. Nach einer einleitenden Beschreibung (1) und einem Vergleich mit ähnli…[Read more]

Tout comme la compréhension, en France, des raisons (politiques et sociales), qui ont amené les Etats-Unis à « changer les règles du jeu capitaliste » est rarement connue, sinon comprise, le basculement de l’université américaine vers l’entreprise, profondément lié aux causes du changement économique susmentionné, est tout aussi méconnu. Son ex…[Read more]

This paper analyzes the reception and influence of the Alliance for Progress in Venezuela during the 1960s (1961-1969). The US assistance program financed various social projects in Latin American countries, with the aim of promoting local development, and at the same time counteracting the impact of the Cuban Revolution (1959). Methodologically,…[Read more]

The discovery of a photo album of the nineteenth century, the Andalusian village of Adra, Albuñol, Berja, Dalias and Almeria itself, causes a thorough investigation into its origin and its authors link with the history of these towns.
Spanish abstract: El descubrimiento de un álbum con fotografías del siglo XIX, de las localidades almeríenses de…[Read more]

After the discoveries and experiences of Charles Wheatstone and David Brewster, the stereoscopic photography turns into a great industry from the second half of the decade of 1850. The photography in general and the stereoscopic especially had great influence in the iconographic world of his time and therefore also in the image or graphic…[Read more]

Jean Laurent, of French origin, opened a photography studio in Madrid in the mid-1850s. During the following decades, between 1860 and 1880, he consolidated the most important photographic company in the Spain of the nineteenth century, in the style of the great European photographic houses. His work encompassed a large collection of sights and…[Read more]

This essay analyzes the role of the Chilean Army in the debate for development and the Alliance for Progress in the country between 1961 and 1970. The Army followed the idea of development through articles in its magazines, and contributed with it through of special courses for conscript soldiers, as well as in construction tasks carried out by…[Read more]