This paper studies the interaction between clerical and lay English Catholics on the Continent in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. In contrast with Protestant exiles, who established separate exile churches, Catholic expatriates did not create churches specifically for the exiled laity. Catholics abroad did nonetheless get support…[Read more]

This article challenges the predominant identification of English national identity and Anti-Catholicism. By means of English travellers’ accounts of the English nunneries they visited in the Low Countries, it argues that these offer more complex identity formation. Travellers did not bluntly repeat the Anti-Catholic stereotypes historians have…[Read more]

This paper proposes a Catholic case study in a field dominated by studies on Protestant migrants. One of the main differences between the confessions was the institutional provision for the liturgical and devotional lives of laity abroad. Catholics did not found separate institutions similar to Protestant exile churches which channelled the sense…[Read more]