Dawkins Fallacy – False Premise
The statement, “However, as we shall see, there are special circumstances in which a gene can achieve its own selfish goals best by fostering a limited form of altruism at the level of individual animals.” Is a fallacy/false premise Historically, compassion and self-less behaviors are not a “limited form of alt…[Read more]

Historians have long argued that arbitration was the preferred means of
resolution for most disputes in later medieval England; but does this apply
also to the settlement of homicides? Despite the strenuous efforts of the
English legal system after the Norman Conquest to force homicides through
the royal courts, historians have argued that…[Read more]

As the prominent social psychologists, Baumeister and Leary, point out, “Groups can share food, provide mates, and help care for offspring (including orphans). Some survival tasks such as hunting large animals or maintaining defensive vigilance against predatory enemies, are best accomplished by group cooperation…. Competition for limited res…[Read more]

Functions of Religion
1. Fear of the unknown Fear of the unknown is a popular theory. The philosopher David Hume, the anthropologist Malinowski, and Einstein all emphasize the role of anxiety – or fear.
2. Anthropomorphism, the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object, is another favorite theory. Xenophanes (…[Read more]

As a theoretical paradigm is a very natural and common-sense, idea-model – an idea or paradigm of a human being that is easily grasped model-idea. It is not surprisingly, then, that the Body-Mind-Spirit Paradigm appeared very early in human history.

The Ho’omana religion actually recognizes three different types or levels of “spirit,” which…[Read more]

Alexa Alice Joubin’s entry expands the global scope of The Chaucer Encyclopedia (4 vols). This entry, in Volume 3, examines the work by the Chinese translator Lin Shu’s (1852-1924). Lin translated and rewrote several key stories from the Canterbury Tales. Joubin argues that Lin’s works exemplify early twentieth-century Chinese imaginaries of medie…[Read more]

Perhaps the most incredible case Edgar Cayce ever encountered was the case of the Dietrich child. In fact, because newspapers did publish the remarkable story of the Dietrich child, Edgar Cayce immediately became a sensation. In 1902, Cayce had just begun to gain a reputation as a healer. Aimee Dietrich was a six-year-old child who had become…[Read more]

Kenneth Pargament vigorously argues that, “There is a deeper dimension to our problems. Illness, accident, interpersonal conflicts, divorce, layoffs, and death are more than “significant life events.” They raise profound and disturbing questions about our place and purpose in the world, they point to the limits of and underscore our finitude.” (p.…[Read more]

De entre las muchas y generosas lecciones que el maestro don Julio Valdeón ha brindado al medievalismo hispánico destacaremos aquella que fundamentará las páginas siguientes: la importancia de la propaganda ideológica favorable a la dinastía Trastámara durante la guerra civil castellana entre los años 1366 y 1371. Este conflicto fratric…[Read more]

Aún en la actualidad, cinco siglos más tarde de que fuese escrito, todavía impresiona la honrada confesión con la que Juan Álvarez Gato cerraba su cancionero particular, rematando los folios en los que había recopilado todo su acervo lírico con una singular confidencia poética. A través de ella, el hombre maduro y el poeta veterano renegaba…[Read more]

Quizá Don Eloy sea bastante ajeno a la admiración que despertaba entre los jóvenes estudiantes, allá por los años finales de la pasada centuria, uno de sus trabajos menores, entendiendo ‘menor’ no por lo que se refiere a su valía (que en absoluto es nimia), sino sólo para separarlo, en cuanto a extensión y objetivos, de su scripta maiora. Nos…[Read more]

En uno de sus breves pero densos artículos, donde su siempre certera pluma se afilaba hasta el punto de transformarse con harta frecuencia en daga hiriente, Miguel de Unamuno realizaba una ácida declaración en contra de lo que él denominaba como «la plaga del literatismo», centrando sus críticas en las reuniones de literatos, bien fuese median…[Read more]