Binary thinking is a way of understanding the world around. It is used to oversimplify the complex situations and reality. Dichotomous way of thinking usually uses an innate hierarchy of the two objects or situations it makes binary of. Urdu Novel since its inception used binary opposites to foreground the characters it likes or dislikes. In this…[Read more]

This essay focuses on territorial conflicts between European masonic bodies outside Europe, and on the impact of these conflicts on inner-European masonic relations. The period between c. 1870 and c. 1930 marks the height of the European expansion respectively the age of ‘high imperialism’. It also marks the first wave of decolonization. The tid…[Read more]

How did (Western) European freemasonries on a transnational level came to terms with the idea of a closer union of the European peoples? Concepts of “Europe” and “Europeanness” were the background music of the formation of masonic pan-European networks, building on transnational encounters either by individual freemasons (in the Universala Framaso…[Read more]

Abstract of presentation at 2023 MLA Convention session “193 – Poetics, Poiesis, Poeticity”

Text of a talk delivered remotely to Seshadripuram Evening Degree College to commemorate their Golden Jubilee in July 2022. Not peer-reviewed. Discusses, in memoiristic fashion, Tripthi Pillai’s coinage “Shakespeare Damage” — the initial encounter of many minoritized or colonized subjects (including LGBTQ+ persons) with Shakespeare– and…[Read more]