At Christmas, Christians celebrate that Jesus was born on December 25 as the son of God andthe Virgin Mary. But this event is not unique. In this article, I show that the birth of Jesus hasseveral non-Christian predecessors, whereby various elements of the ritual dynamics have beenChristianized and implemented into the figure we know today as Jesus Christ.

Las luchas por el territorio ocurren en localidades específicas, con expresiones únicas. Sin embargo, nunca es sólo una mina, un relleno sanitario, un gasoducto, un tren, una refiniería; detrás de estos proyectos existen diversas escalas en las que el mercado mundial conecta la maquinaria, gran industria, comercio y las regiones de sacr…[Read more]

In this essay, we share how a small, independent, academic open access (OA) press, punctum books, has survived and can maybe thrive financially, but also in terms of human quality of life dividends, in the very precarious landscape of making and funding open books. Tracing the history of the press and our bumpy road to better financial…[Read more]

Bukod sa musika at sining, nagpapakita ako ng isang magaspang na balangkas para sa pananaw sa ilang pwersonal na espirituwal-psychic na karanasan.+. “Ang musika ay isang pangunahing bahagi ng ating ebolusyon; marahil ay kumanta kami bago kami magsalita sa mga pangungusap na may gabay na sintaktik. Ang kanta ay kinakatawan sa buong mundo ng h…[Read more]

Bukod sa musika at sining, nagpapakita ako ng isang magaspang na balangkas para sa pananaw sa ilang pwersonal na espirituwal-psychic na karanasan.+. “Ang musika ay isang pangunahing bahagi ng ating ebolusyon; marahil ay kumanta kami bago kami magsalita sa mga pangungusap na may gabay na sintaktik. Ang kanta ay kinakatawan sa buong mundo ng h…[Read more]

The Case For God, binuksan ni Karen Armstrong ang kanyang libro sa pagtalakay sa 300 plus caves sa Southern France at Northern Spain na may kamangha-manghang artistikong ‘prehistoric’ cave paintings ng mga prehistoric na hayop na marami sa kanila ay wala na ngayon, ang ilan ay dating sa 30,000 taon na ang nakalipas. “Sa kabuuan ay may mga anim na…[Read more]

Colonial predicament made the life and its understanding complex in the Subcontinent. To represent this complexity, Urdu writers found the polyphonic genre, i.e. the novel helpful. They used different techniques of characterization to narrate the social hierarchy of characters. The novel also provided the space for them to attract the people with…[Read more]

The term “alchemy,” born out of early modern professional polemics among chemists, is problematic as a historical category. The present article shifts away from asking what pre-modern alchemy “really” was, to asking how medieval scholars writing in Greek and Arabic thought about the practice of treating and combining naturally occurring substan…[Read more]

The term “alchemy,” born out of early modern professional polemics among chemists, is problematic as a historical category. The present article shifts away from asking what pre-modern alchemy “really” was, to asking how medieval scholars writing in Greek and Arabic thought about the practice of treating and combining naturally occurring substan…[Read more]

Mesmerism provided Edgar Allan Poe with a framework in which to reimagine logical and poetic rigor.