For many reasons, the mid-19th century was a time of intensified interest within literature and philosophy in outstanding individuals who were ahead of
their times and opened up new prospects for the world as it developed. In this respect, Norwid shared the views of his era. Studies on his oeuvre have spread
the sound view – even in the i…[Read more]

Over the last four decades of the 18th century, the image of Sparta began to include a few characteristic elements that later became an important point of reference for 19th-century writers, philosophers and historians. Issues of Spartan equality of citizens, fully responsible for their country, and also soldierly honour and Sparta’s military c…[Read more]

English abstract: A paper arguing the relevance of a cognitive narratological perspective and a retrospective stance attentive to hindsight bias in order to clarify the debate on racial differences and population diversity in biology. The issue is discussed with reference to the dichotomy between ‘lumpers’ and ‘splitters’ in paleoanthropology as…[Read more]

España tiene una relación traumática con su guerra civil. Del franquismo ni hablamos: es para el discurso oficial del régimen político actual la personificación abyecta del mal, y esa versión oficial es defendida por el actual gobierno izquierdista como la única verdadera y aspira a ser impuesta como la única autorizada. En 2020, y con Franco y…[Read more]

The book is dedicated to the presence of Greek history in the works of Cyprian Norwid. According to the poet, the Greek origins contributed to the creation of mechanisms that make it possible to diagnose the spiritual condition of the contemporary times through analyzing its relation to the Greek myth of the “Golden Age”. Ideologization of the way…[Read more]

Three years before the end of the Spanish presence in the Northern Hemisphere of America the territory of New Spain included the following modern States: Arizona, Belize, California, Colorado, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Florida, Guatemala, Honduras, Louisiana, Mexico, Nevada, New Mexico, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Texas and Utah. This…[Read more]

Three years before the end of Spanish presence, the territory of New Spain included the following modern States: Arizona, Belize, California, Colorado, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Florida, Guatemala, Honduras, Louisiana, Mexico, Nevada, Nicaragua, New Mexico, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Texas and Utah. This book provides comments on the…[Read more]

This article analyses the influence of the hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) on the conceptual history of Reinhart Koselleck (1923-2006), as well as the intellectual relationship between them. In this sense, the main biographical features of both academics have been revised, and a re-examination of the ideas —of temporality and l…[Read more]

This essay analyzes from the perspective of historical revisionism the Communism during the first half of the twentieth century, based on the specialized historiography. It is part of the analysis of Communism as an ideology, system and use of political violence and it is compared with Nazism. In both, Nazism and Communism, similar features are…[Read more]

Free comments on the Lives and Government of the Spanish Viceroys of the Kingdoms of Nueva Granada and Río de La Plata

Organic chemistry in the nineteenth century developed with a specific order of discovery, which was the inevitable path by which our knowledge of organic chemistry had to develop. New methods of analysis of organic materials led to new experimental results, which led to new theories about the nature of organic chemistry. Some of those theories…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. When human knowledge of the…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of knowledge of the human environment. The invention of glass and microscopes and telescopes, substantially increased human knowledge of the human environment. Microscopes and telescopes would not have been possible without the prior discovery of…[Read more]

The invention of photography was only possible due to the camera obscura effect which produces an upside down image of a scene on the back wall of a box when light is reflected through a tiny hole in the box. The camera obscura effect has been known since classical times. The invention of photography required that the image be fixed and…[Read more]

The invention of motion pictures was only possible due to the prior discovery of the phenomenon of persistence of vision, the prior invention of photography and the ability to produce photographs with very brief exposure times. These discoveries were necessary before motion pictures could be invented, and given how human beings like to be…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. The human environment includes the…[Read more]

This paper was written in order to study the development of stone tool technology throughout the Paleolithic. It finds the technology developed, with the simplest discoveries being made first and more complex discoveries being made later. The chemical structure and the properties of the raw materials determined that stone tools could be useful to…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment, including plants and animals, to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the plants and animals in their environment enables human needs to be met in a…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of human knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. The materials in the human…[Read more]

The ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. Humans have a need to communicate and the…[Read more]