This publication reports that (a) a new softening and Fe-Mn removal process system consisting of flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), recarbonation and filtration has been demonstrated by continuous operation; (b) a new chemical combination including lime, sodium aluminate and carbon dioxide successfully removes Ca-Mg hardness, iron and manganese from groundwater; (c) innovative DAF (3-15 minutes detention time) cost-effectively replaces conventional sedimentation (4-6 hours detention); (d) DAF-filtration efficiently removes Fe-Mn without an additional oxidation step because of DAF aeration; (e) sodium aluminate enhances or replaces conventional soda ash for removal of non-carbonate hardness (NCH) due to aluminate’s precipitating nature; (f) sodium aluminate improves manganese removal after DAF oxidation due to its flocculating nature; (g) useful terminologies of conventional and innovative softening processes for hardness, iron and manganese removal are provided. The authors call for further basic research regarding the chemistry of Ca-Mg removal by sodium aluminate noting that both calcium aluminate and magnesium aluminate are insoluble substances. Further call for research is directed toward simultaneous removal of hardness, Fe-Mn and dissolved organic matter (DOM) by new process systems and new chemical combinations. The author’s new process systems and new chemical combinations can be applied to any manufacturers’ process equipment. A groundwater having 15 NTU of turbidity, 216 mg/L as CaCO3 of total hardness, 3.56 mg/L of iron and 1.57 mg/L of manganese was successfully treated by the DAF, recarbonation and filtration process system and the new chemicals (sodium aluminate and lime).