The Four Primary Drives: The Need for Meaning, the Need to Belong, the Need for Ideology, and the Spiritual Drive
Religious beliefs are primarily created and generated by four very basic and fundamental “Needs” or “Drives.” From a rather practical and pragmatic approach, in general, religions could be said to involve meaning or purpose, others…[Read more]

George Barton, PhD: “Disaster and sorrow compel either a soul or a nation to seek anew the foundations of life. Times of sorrow are accordingly times of religious growth. The Babylonian exile was no exception. Indeed, the influence of this exile upon the religion of Israel was enormous. This was in part due to the fact that the exile was the e…[Read more]

We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. And It is crystal clear that some psychologists play with human consciousness as if it were their toy! Human consciousness is not psychologists’ personal plaything!

“We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never…[Read more]

Comparative Literature and Translation Studies have so far expanded the frontiers of their own disciplines beyond their traditional conventional sense. Individually or in cooperation with the other, either discipline can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of literatures and cultures. The synergy between the two disciplines through bringing…[Read more]

The Academic Materialist driven Extreme Escapism of Materialist Psychologists
and Jung’s Accurate “Mar’s Prophecy” – so Recently Proven True.
A journalist’s question to Carl Jung: Do you think that, in twenty years, anyone will care about the spirit of symbols, fully in the era of interplanetary journeys, with the Sputniks, the Gagarins, and…[Read more]

There is an universal consensus among scientists that human beings are first and last social animals. IT would stand to reason then that relationships – and social consciousness – would be pivotal. In this complex society human beings simply would not be able to function is they didn’t have some form of functional social consciousness. Hinduism h…[Read more]

Geertz, perhaps the most influential of the anthropologists, contends that symbolism and meaning are central to religion: “The view of man as a symbolizing, conceptualizing, meaning-seeking animal, which has become increasingly popular both in the social sciences and in philosophy over the past several years, opens up a whole new approach not o…[Read more]

Uno de los muchos manuscritos de la Crónica de Enrique IV de Enríquez
del Castillo,1 en concreto el que hoy reposa en la Biblioteca de El Escorial
(X.II.15), se abre con unos curiosos versos seguramente redactados por el
anónimo amanuense autor de esta copia, fechada en la primera mitad del
siglo XVI.2 El poemita, que creo es inédito (algo lóg…[Read more]

The little known German card game “Höllfahren” or “Hölle” has a forgotten history that stretches back into the 16th century, when it was called “Untreue”, “untreuer Nachbar”, “in die Hölle (fahren)” and similar names. Several images and textual references indicate the game’s popularity in the 17th century. Unusual for a card game, Höllfahren emp…[Read more]

‘There is no truth, only perception of truth’, and that perception too changes with time. Lysistrata is one such text where this difference of perception prevails. Written by Aristophanes in 411 BCE, Lysistrata is one of the eleven Old Greek Comedy plays surviving out of forty-two. The play revolves around the Peleponnesian war, when women hav…[Read more]

Versión actualizada de la anterior versión (2014) del censo de ejemplares del ‘Cancionero general’ de Hernando del Castillo, con la incorporación de seis copias más de las dos ediciones impresas en Amberes por Martín Nucio en los años 1557 y 1573.

This chapter presents the significance of both Spanish cancioneros and Portuguese cancioneiros for the scholarly examination of medieval Jewish history and literature on the Iberian Peninsula. Through a close integration of historiographical and literary analysis, all major cancioneros are examined and contextualized based on exemplary…[Read more]

“Every culture develops some kind of art as surely as it develops language. Some primitive cultures have no real mythology or religion, but all have some art – dance, song, design (sometimes only on tools or on the human body). Dance, above all, seems to be the oldest elaborated art….. Art is, indeed, the spearhead of human development, social…[Read more]