शेती हा भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेचा कणा समजला जातो. सिंधु घाटी संस्कृतीपासून भारतीय कृषीचे अस्तित्व गणले जाते. स्वातंत्र्यपूर्व काळात व्यापार रोजगार व जीवन जगण्याचे एक साधन म्हणून शेतीला असणारे महत्त्व आज देखील कायम आहे. कधीकाळी पारंपारिक पद्धतीने केली जाणारी शेती, आज आधुनिकतेकडे वळण घेते आहे. भारतीय दृष्टिकोनातून या आधुनिकतेचा विचार केला तर असे दिस…[Read more]

जीडीपीमधील उद्योगातील वाटा स्थिर असला तरी त्यात लक्षणीय मूलभूत परिवर्तन झाले. या कालावधीत उत्पादन पुनर्गठनाची प्रक्रिया म्हणून, सकल मूल्य संयोजित असताना उत्पादन सध्याच्या किंमतींवर वार्षिक 8 टक्क्यांनी वाढले होते. त्यानंतर 2004-09 मध्ये सकल मूल्यवर्धित वाढीचा वेग वाढून 20 टक्के झाला. याच किंमतींवर वार्षिक परंतु लक्षणीय म्हणजे रोजगारामध्येही…[Read more]

The economic system is the cornerstone of social development. Its economic system has remained at the root of the progressive development of human civilization. A country, society or caste; Social, political and cultural upliftment is mainly based on the progress of its economic resources and facilities. In a country without these facilities,…[Read more]

In the Arabic-speaking mahjar (diaspora), the plight of the working poor was the focus of women’s philanthropy. Scholarship on welfare relief in the interwar Syrian, Lebanese, and Palestinian diaspora currently situates it within a gendered politics of benevolence. This article reconsiders that frame and argues for a class-centered reassessment o…[Read more]

First translated into Persian in 1949, Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is among the most popular works of American fiction in Iran. Although the anti-US policy of the post-1979 political system has tried to erase the manifestations of the previous period’s American influence, Iranian interest in Huckleberry Finn has been inc…[Read more]

نوگرایی شعری در کشورهای مختلف با پذیرش والت ویتمن، پدر شعر آزاد امریکا همراه بوده‌است. روندی مشابه در شعر فارسی نیز مشاهده می‌شود. آشنایی فارسی‌زبانان با ویتمن به زمانی برمی‌گردد که شعر فارسی در آستانة تحول بود. نخست یوسف اعتصام‌الملک در سال ۱۳۰۱ بخش کوتاهی از شعر ویتمن را ترجمه و در مجلة بهار منتشر کرد. بعدها پروین اعتصامی در شعر «جولای خ…[Read more]

‘Independence’ for bantustans was universally rejected by the international community in
the late 1970s and early 1980s. How the status of Lesotho and Swaziland as
internationally recognised states deeply embedded in South Africa’s economic and
political orbit differed from that of the bantustans was clear in some cases, murky in
others. The a…[Read more]

The Irish Sea which separates Great Britain and Ireland has often been written about in terms of divisions, threats, and hazards. Facing each other across that sea, the coast of Wales and Ireland’s eastern seaboard have a more complex story to tell, one characterised by intimate if troubled lines of connection. A place of passage for centuries, t…[Read more]

Two sections of a book comparing creation myths from ancient Greece and Rome with their Japanese counterparts from the early 8th Century Kojiki (古事記, “Records of Ancient Matters”). These fusion essays are summations of previous book sections by Greek and Japanese authors on the elements of fire and air, respectively, and, drawing from Plato and J…[Read more]

Latin America continued to experience social, economic and political turmoil in 2021. The vulnerabilities set by preexisting conditions such as persistent inequality, a high level of labour force participation in the informal economy, and exclusionary social protection systems have been exacerbated by recent health and humanitarian crises that are…[Read more]

Latin America continued to experience social, economic and political turmoil in 2021. The vulnerabilities set by preexisting conditions such as persistent inequality, a high level of labour force participation in the informal economy, and exclusionary social protection systems have been exacerbated by recent health and humanitarian crises that are…[Read more]

How could the ideal of a universal brotherhood of mankind be realized in an age of nationalism, colonialism and culture wars? “With God, for fatherland and humanity?” is the first comprehensive study of masonic internationalism. It explores, with a focus on England, France, Germany, and Italy, how European masonic associations promoted or opposed…[Read more]

The “Spanish influenza” pandemic that struck Egypt in fall 1918 resulted in the death of eleven out of every one thousand people. Despite the mass suffering caused by the pandemic, it has been largely ignored by historians. I describe how the Egyptian public health service was unprepared for a major health crisis because resources were red…[Read more]

आपल्या देशाने 27 जानेवारी 1950 रोजी लोकशाहीचा स्वीकार केला. बहुमताने लोकप्रतिनिधींना निवडून त्यांनी गठीत केलेली शासनप्रणाली हीच राजकीय लोकशाही होय. राजकीय लोकशाहीचा पाया जर सामाजिक लोकशाहीचा नसेल तर ती टिकूच शकणार नाही. गौतम बुद्धाचे तत्त्वज्ञान स्वातंत्र्य, समता, बंधुत्व व न्याय ही मूल्ये प्रदान करतात. या शिवाय संपूर्ण मानवाच्या विक…[Read more]

As neural language models begin to change aspects of everyday life, they understandably attract criticism. This position paper was commissioned for a roundtable at Princeton University, dedicated to one of the most influential critiques: “On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots: Can Language Models Be Too Big?” by Emily M. Bender, Timnit Gebru,…[Read more]

Die Debatte um die politische Differenz stellt Kontingenz und Konfliktualität als fundamentale Eigenschaften des Politischen heraus. Dies birgt ein Problem für die postfundamentalistische Demokratietheorie, die auf Augenhöhe mit dieser Debatte argumentieren will: Durch die Kontingentsetzung aller normativen Begründungen ist zunächst unklar, welc…[Read more]

La planeación que ha llevado a cabo el gobierno de México en los últimos 40 años ha sido insuficiente para resolver la problemática hídrica en la que se encuentra el país. Una de las causas de este problema ha sido la forma particular en la que el gobierno ha dirigido la planeación hídrica: administrar la oferta y la demanda de agua sin consider…[Read more]

Within Iran, the transformation in the Islamic legal understanding of the foreign (ajnabi) into a political concept was accelerated by the encounter with Europe during the 19th century. The classical Iranian understanding of otherness as a domain fully demarcated from the self was replaced by an internalized other, resulting in what we call here…[Read more]

In the summer of 2011, an adaptation of Anton Chekhov’s Ivanov (1887) debuted on the Iranian stage. The director and playwright Amir-Reza Koohestani (b. 1978) created a production that was faithful to the classic status of this text while also maximizing its resonance with a contemporary Iranian audience. I explore how Koohestani achieved this b…[Read more]