We present a valuation model for pricing two asset barrier options on commodity futures. Applications to commodity futures have a number of specific. The analytical valuation formulas are also implemented. The payoff of a two asset barrier options is made against one of the assets, while the other asset is used to trigger the barrier.

Forest conservation is a very important concept across the world. It is not only crucial for climate change but also very critical for the survival of humanity. In Africa, forests have always been an important aspect of nature that is regarded with uttermost reverence and
care. Importantly, discussions on health, healthcare, culture, economics…[Read more]

Forest conservation is a very important concept across the world. It is not only crucial for climate change but also very critical for the survival of humanity. In Africa, forests have always been an important aspect of nature that is regarded with uttermost reverence and
care. Importantly, discussions on health, healthcare, culture, economics…[Read more]

A two-asset barrier option is a European style option whose value is determined by two underlying assets. One asset, S1, determines the payoff function, and the other, S2, knocks the option in or out if the S2 value crosses the barrier.

A Market Mix GIC is a type of guaranteed investment certificate, which offers a return based on a corresponding GIC rate and the performance of a basket of certain stock and bond market indices. The payoff at maturity from a Market Mix GIC can be shown equal to the invested principal plus this principal times the sum of the minimum guaranteed…[Read more]

The Market Mix GIC is a type of guaranteed investment certificate, of 3- or 5-year term, which offers a return based on a corresponding GIC rate and the performance of a basket of certain stock and bond market indices. To determine the rate of return, the percentage change in each index level from the initial level is calculated. Here the initial…[Read more]

A pricing model was developed for pricing a total return swap between two parties. Here party A receives LIBOR plus a spread, but pays out the equity dividends arising from a collateralized loan obligation (CLO).

The introduction to a special issue of New Literary History titled “Culture, Theory, Data,” which explores the consequences of computation for cultural theory—and vice-versa.

The introduction begins by explaining how we came to a historical juncture where “culture” and “data” seem to be opposed terms. Then it offers some reasons for believing t…[Read more]

1. Gergen argues that situations which human beings didn’t understand or deal with appropriately would inflict painful lessons – providing a conditioning or predisposition for learning. “In the Darwinian sense, the ability to conceptualize has survival value. To be more specific, concepts are valuable tools in problem solving.” (p.23) “In ess…[Read more]

There is no doubt whatsoever that emotions are very important and highly significant in the processing of data and information, as well as in the day-to day functioning of the human being. Eric Klinger, whose expertise is in personality psychology and motivation theory, focuses on the influences of motivation and emotion on cognition. Klinger…[Read more]

Due to subjectivity in oral assessment, much concentration has been put on obtaining a satisfactory measure of consistency among raters. However, obtaining consistency might not result in valid decisions. One matter that is at the core of both reliability and validity in oral performance is rater training. Recently, the Multifaceted Rasch…[Read more]