My notes (taken c. 1990) on Geoffrey Leech’s ‘Principles of Pragmatics’ (London: Longman, 1983). Pagination on the left; my parenthetical comments in italics.

The structure of fifth-century Athenian society remains largely unknown, as is the distribution of its citizens into different socio-political categories. Ancient literary sources mostly describe a society divided into élite and poor. However, the model of a society alternately dominated by
the élite and the ‘lower-class’ is to be recon…[Read more]

This paper publishes a ceramic bowl in the Metropolitan Museum of Art depicting a Parthian shot. Although it lacks archaeological provenance, the bowl can be dated to the 4th to 2nd centuries BCE, and probably comes from northwestern Iran. It is, therefore, one of the few possible instances of a Parthian shot from the Arsacid Empire.

This chapter examines the rhetorical skills displayed by secondary (low–status)
characters in the extant tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. “Rhetorical
skills” are here broadly understood as the abilities required to have one’s voice heard and
one’s opinion taken into account. These speaking abilities contribute to the socio–pol…[Read more]

La aptitud para emplear de modo corriente materiales de baja energía incorporada y para hacerlo en armonía con el carácter de las construcciones verná- culas será capaz de cerrar la brecha conceptual entre la conservación de edificios de valor patrimonial y las metas de reducción de emisiones de carbono en la industria de la construcción. Para ca…[Read more]

This book is a compendium of book reviews reflecting my “Creed of Life.” The fact is that my Creed of Life has been fashioned through these authors, as well as others not mentioned here, whose works were personally important to me and significant to my intellectual development. This list is continually being lengthened as authors, living or dea…[Read more]

In this book I contemplate the possibility of posthuman philosophy within the religious and theological schools of thought. In doing this, I do not focus on the traditional philosophical humanism which characterizes the scholastic and neo-scholastic approach within Western philosophy. Rather, I focus on a dehellenized philosophical way of thinking…[Read more]

How “expropriations” can save the social market economy

A down-to-earth exposition of the work by Martin Janello on the Philosophy of Happiness. It introduces the fundamental notions that happiness is of existential importance for individuals and humanity – and that we each have it within our power to improve our lives and make this a better world in the process. It also spells out that our success in…[Read more]

Art Style | Art & Culture International Magazine is an open access, biannual, and peer-reviewed online magazine that aims to bundle cultural diversity. All values of cultures are shown in their varieties of art. Beyond the importance of the medium, form, and context in which art takes its characteristics, we also consider the significance of…[Read more]

Art Style | Art & Culture International Magazine is an open access, biannual, and peer-reviewed online magazine that aims to bundle cultural diversity. All values of cultures are shown in their varieties of art. Beyond the importance of the medium, form, and context in which art takes its characteristics, we also consider the significance of…[Read more]

English abstract: A vindication of the wide-ranging perspective of Herbert Spencer’s theories of cosmic evolutionism, as an intellectual enterprise far more ambitious and comprehensive than that of his contemporary Charles Darwin. (A retropost from 2011). _________________________________________________________________________________ Spanish…[Read more]

Happiness is a universal human objective. We all want to be happy. But how we define, pursue, and maintain happiness often seems vague and elusive. That is why we need a personal philosophy of happiness.

This presentation lays out the underlying considerations and examines why other avenues of securing happiness are not succeeding. And it…[Read more]

Un comentario sobre la reacción de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Zaragoza, y la reacción institucional, ante el anuncio del Ministerio de Educación (en 2005) de una reforma que reduciría drásticamente el catálogo de titulaciones de Humanidades. ___________________________________________________________________________
English abstr…[Read more]

Es una desdicha vivir en el único país del mundo en el que el Virus ataca al paseante solitario en mitad de sus ensoñaciones campestres… Cuando el espacio público está ocupado por necios y regentado por pillos, el sarcasmo y la sátira son la respuesta más adecuada. Todo para enfatizar una cuestión muy simple que se ha perdido de vista: EL DERE…[Read more]

Over two percent of the Egyptian population perished during World War I due to starvation, malnutrition, and disease. Although technically neutral, Egypt was the staging ground for British and Dominion troops fighting the campaign against the Ottoman Empire. The prioritization of military needs led to government recruitment of civilian…[Read more]

A short essay on the different forms of money used in the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Translated into German by Julia Linke.