A rainbow option is an option on a basket that pays a non-equally weighted sum of returns over all assets in the basket according to their performance, where individual asset returns are computed as the percentage growth from initial levels to final levels that may be averages over multiple dates.

A yield note is a principal-protected structured note that pays periodic coupons that are linked to the performance of a basket of equities. A callable yield note gives the issuer the right to recall the note on specific observation dates. Once recalled, the cancellation coupon is paid, the notional is returned, and the deal is cancelled.

A bonus coupon note, also referred to as coupon growth note or bonus enhanced note or basket coupon note, is an equity-linked note that provides guaranteed coupons over the life of the note with potential for a bonus coupon based on the underlying asset trading above a specified barrier level. The note pays a series of coupons based on the…[Read more]

An accelerated share repurchase (ASR) agreement is a contract or an investment strategy used by a publicly traded company to buy back shares of stocks expeditiously from the market. In these agreements, firms are able to repurchase a significant number of their shares upfront. The intermediary must then repurchase the shares over a given time…[Read more]

Conversión de los Saluiseños de la Alta California (Conversion of the Saluiseños of Alta California) (c. 1840) by Pablo Tac is the only published document written by an indigenous Californian during the Spanish-Mexican period. Born at Mission San Luis Rey de Francia, north of San Diego, California in 1820, Tac wrote the manuscript while st…[Read more]

The environment is suffering so much, and yet humanity is still adamant about saving it. This study determines the awareness of environmental consumption, waste recycling, and its relationship to the academic performance of selected college students during the pandemic period of COVID-19. Using a descriptive research design, the researcher used an…[Read more]

Nature has its due course and disaster is always an aftermath of a catastrophic event. The purpose of this study is to assess the sources of information, training needs, preparation, and response of the community to disaster. To achieve this purpose, the study used a descriptive design with the survey as the instrument for data gathering. For the…[Read more]

The current article explores the image of success in the contemporary business environment, embedded in organizational settings as the “exponential organizations”. The essence of exponential human resource management is outlined based on critical review of the continuum of revolutions (evolution) in this functional sphere in business org…[Read more]

Disaster is an event that shapes our future. During a disaster, it affects lives, infrastructures, livestock and produce, and we can only adapt to it. The aim of this study is to analyze disaster awareness and level of compliance to disaster programs of selected individuals in a highly urbanized city in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study made…[Read more]

Multiple intelligences and extracurricular activities are two variables that may affect a student’s academic and non-academic performance in school. This study aimed at describing and finding the relationship between multiple intelligences and participation rates in extracurricular activities of students from a Catholic educational institution. T…[Read more]

An Accelerated Return Note (ARN) is a structured instrument that offers a potentially higher return linked to the performance of a reference entity that could be an equity, an index, or a basket of assets. The payoff depends on the performance of the underlying assets. Usually, it is capped but not floored, that means it does not offer any…[Read more]

Procrastination is a plague that affects an individual’s working attitude and behavior. In relation, the organization will also suffer and its constituents along the way. This study assessed the demographic profile and the degree of procrastination among selected employees from a higher education institution in Central Luzon, Philippines. The s…[Read more]

A constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) is a trading strategy where an initial investment is dynamically reallocated between a risky asset and risk-free bond such that a minimum payoff is guaranteed at maturity. The risky asset could be from equities, funds, or commodities.

A reverse convertible autocallable swap allows two parties exchange floating coupons with fixed coupons on certain future dates. On some coupon dates, the swap may be cancelled. Should the swap be cancelled on coupon date t, the coupons due on coupon date t will be paid and all further cash flows are terminated.

A best of option pays the option holder the best return at maturity among a given set of portfolios, where each portfolio may be defined by a set of weights on the same underlying basket or different baskets. These are chooser options that return the best performing among several baskets of funds or indices that reflect growth, moderate and…[Read more]

A spread option is an option written on the difference of two underling assets, whose values at time t we denote by S1(t) and S2(t). We consider only options of the European type for which the buyer has the right to be paid, at the maturity date T, the difference S2(T)−S1(T), known as the spread. To exercise the option, the buyer must pay at m…[Read more]

A callable note allows the issuer to exercise a call option on the note on a specified date or set of dates prior to maturity. Callable note or callable exotics are among the most challenging derivatives to price. These products are loosely defined by the provision that the holder or issuer has the right to call the product or exercise into…[Read more]

A quanto option is an option whose payout is made in a currency other than that of the underlying security, based on a fixed exchange rate. The term “quanto” is abbreviation for “quantity adjusted” that refers to the feature where the payoff of an option is determined by the financial price of index in one currency but the actual payout if realize…[Read more]

This study aims to outline and critically analyze key shades in the contemporary meaning of the military culture. An etymological study is conducted, based on a literature review of academic publications in the sphere of military culture. Furthermore, text mining was performed in the bodies of deliberately selected publications in order to explore…[Read more]

A binary option is an option with a predetermined payoff, triggered only if the underlying price meets the strike price. These are also commonly referred to as “all or nothing” or “digital options”. Binary call pays a fixed amount if the underlying price ends up above the strike price, while binary put pays off a fixed amount if the underly…[Read more]