In _King Lear_ the power Goneril and Regan desire and the violence in which they participate defy orthodox notions of appropriate feminine conduct. Because power as a feminine attribute is rejected as a violation of nature, they become “evil.” Rather than assuming that real women, or good women, will not defend their own power or the sov…[Read more]

Early Modern English historiography had a multi-layered bipolar constitution. Providentialism, which had dominated Medieval English thought, maintained that historical events processed according to God’s divine plan. However, with the revival and reinterpretation of Classical texts, a new and quite opposite way of thinking emerged, which was d…[Read more]

Building on Elizabethan dramatic conventions and religious debates about ghosts, Hamlet employs linguistic and dramatic means to chill its audience. Audio-visual means, along with the manner of entrances and exits, are used in order to horrify the audience. These create a fluctuation between belief and disbelief towards the macabre elements in the…[Read more]

In this essay I discuss the racial formations of Alessandro de’ Medici, first duke of Florence. These formations derive from different sources: verbal descriptions, portraiture, and the material evidence of Alessandro’s remains. I examine whether a painted “description” tallies with a verbal one, considering the variety of terms used to describ…[Read more]

a b s t r ac t
Alessandro de’ Medici’s life and its representation reveal important beliefs about family, politics,
and genealogy during the Italian Renaissance. Duke Alessandro’s government marked the end of
the Florentine Republic and the beginning of hereditary rule. Many scholars interpret Alessandro’s
assassination as a fitting end to…[Read more]

Historians, literary scholars, and international lawyers interested in the early modern period have all grappled with the problem of anachronism, yet mostly independently of one another. This essay uses the question of war crime in Shakespeare’s Henry V to argue that early modernists interested in international law need not reject synchronic h…[Read more]

Because nineteenth-century paper was made from rags, the materiality of paper money became a likely ground from which to debate the nature of value in modern capitalism. On one hand, if paper money was backed by nothing but itself, then it was worth little more than itself: a gathering of lowly rags. On the other hand, the process of turning…[Read more]

«On the Death of Isabel of Borbón» is perhaps the best written testimony of Queen Isabel’s love for the arts and letters. This poem, in all likelihood penned by Philip IV to honor Isabel’s life, is composed of eight decimas and the last verse of each is also the title of a Spanish Golden Age comedia. Although the special delight that Isabel found…[Read more]

Easily the least-mentioned (and read) of Ernest Hemingway’s works (proven by its lack of critical attention), The Torrents of Spring merits rereading for its intertextual play. Hemingway’s use of embedded author’s notes throughout the text guides readers to a more fully aware young writer who offers critiques of composition, authorship, pri…[Read more]

Over the course of his career Ernest Hemingway wrote introductions for a number of writers. These pieces have been largely forgotten, but study and analysis of Hemingway’s introductions offers additional insight into the well-known author. The process of creating and marketing these pieces allowed Hemingway to manipulate and refine his public p…[Read more]

Though already famous, wealthy, and squarely established as a popular chronicler of the early
twentieth century, humorist Ring Lardner’s foray into a serious literary career with Charles Scribner’s
Sons Publishing Company is best characterized as an act of authorial resistance. Rather than evolve into
the “serious” author the firm had hoped f…[Read more]

Thoreau’s relation to print culture was complicated and at times contradictory, but from his writing life to his family business, he was shaped by it. Scholars note that he was both successful and a failure as a professional author. He published books and articles made possible by technological changes in papermaking and printing to his west on t…[Read more]

This paper explores the extent to which whiteness is represented in the Fall 2016 issue of Brevity. I suggest that the authors’ representation of whiteness manifests in the forms of both white privilege and white supremacy, and thus serves as the predominant theme of this issue of the magazine. I also consider the ways in which distant reading t…[Read more]

This paper revises book history’s historiography to account for feminist inquiry.

Although we have long discussed the rise of consumer culture and the increase of print in Restoration England (see Birth of a Consumer Society, 1982), comparatively little information exists on specific methods publishers used to advertise to audiences and what role they played in creating new markets. My project fills this gap by examining…[Read more]

Abstract
After 1588, several socio-political and economic problems appeared in the Elizabethan society. These problems were
aggravated by Elizabeth I’s desire to live royally without responsibility. The correlation between good government and the
responsibility of monarchs was emphasised in the literature of the period, as well. Particularly, t…[Read more]

One of the most familiar literary topics is the seduction scene. Both Shakespeare and Milton enhance this tradition by shifting the motives offered by the seducer to ones fitting increasingly autonomous and ambitious women, foreshadowing many of the concerns of modern feminism.