Extreme Individualism & Dawkins Fallacy Dawkins argues that “gene selfishness will usually give rise to selfishness in individual behaviour” – That is an excellent illustration in academia of what David Hay referred to as “Extreme Individualism” – a problem in Western Academia which Virgilio Enriquez also brought to light. Virgilio Enriquez…[Read more]

Āyurveda, the predominant medical system in pre-modern South Asia, is by definition a very individualistic tradition of healing, discerning and treating the patients under special consideration of their personal constitution, diet, physical strength, habituation, character and age. Furthermore, the āyurvedic source texts show a strong commitment t…[Read more]

Dawkins Fallacy – False Premise
The statement, “However, as we shall see, there are special circumstances in which a gene can achieve its own selfish goals best by fostering a limited form of altruism at the level of individual animals.” Is a fallacy/false premise Historically, compassion and self-less behaviors are not a “limited form of alt…[Read more]

Como observaron los autores del artículo “Beyond the Group Mind: A Quantitative Review of the Interindividual-Intergroup Discontinuity Effect” que se publicó en Psychological Bulletin, se estima que solo en la última década del siglo XX, las guerras mortales de lugares como Ruanda, Bosnia y Etiopía cobraron la vida de 30 millones de personas y co…[Read more]

As the authors of the article “Beyond the Group Mind: A Quantitative Review of the Interindividual–Intergroup Discontinuity Effect” which was published in Psychological Bulletin, observed, It is estimated that just in the final decade of the twentieth century, the deadly wars of places like Rwanda, Bosnia, and Ethiopia claimed the lives of 30 m…[Read more]

As the authors of the article “Beyond the Group Mind: A Quantitative Review of the Interindividual–Intergroup Discontinuity Effect” which was published in Psychological Bulletin, observed, It is estimated that just in the final decade of the twentieth century, the deadly wars of places like Rwanda, Bosnia, and Ethiopia claimed the lives of 30 m…[Read more]

Historians have long argued that arbitration was the preferred means of
resolution for most disputes in later medieval England; but does this apply
also to the settlement of homicides? Despite the strenuous efforts of the
English legal system after the Norman Conquest to force homicides through
the royal courts, historians have argued that…[Read more]

This paper proposes that there are a number of historical television dramas which make use of the aesthetics of the Gothic in order to signal their focus on historical traumas which still have contemporary resonance. This is part of a wider use of a Gothic mode in these dramas in presenting and considering these traumas, not just as the individual…[Read more]

Television historical dramas take on a number of different modes, which inflect how they are interpreted. The Gothic mode, signalled in part by aesthetics and a focus on trauma, encourages audiences to engage with the past as a place of horror and darkness. Through intentional anachronism and the presentation of contemporary parallels, these…[Read more]

Hammering, loud peals of thunder had startled me into consciousness. As a young child of six, the storm had roused me from the comfortable oblivion of my deep sleep. The booming rolls of thunder had woken my father as well. His head peered from behind the door. Finding me awake, we went onto the porch of our summer cottage, which was perched high…[Read more]

Functions of Religion
1. Fear of the unknown Fear of the unknown is a popular theory. The philosopher David Hume, the anthropologist Malinowski, and Einstein all emphasize the role of anxiety – or fear.
2. Anthropomorphism, the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object, is another favorite theory. Xenophanes (…[Read more]

As a theoretical paradigm is a very natural and common-sense, idea-model – an idea or paradigm of a human being that is easily grasped model-idea. It is not surprisingly, then, that the Body-Mind-Spirit Paradigm appeared very early in human history.

The Ho’omana religion actually recognizes three different types or levels of “spirit,” which…[Read more]

In the first decades of the twentieth century, the Madrid-based Galician journalist Julio Camba (1882–1962) acquired long-lasting fame as a travel writer thanks to his foreign chronicles published in the Spanish press and subsequently compiled in a series of volumes. La rana viajera [The Travelling Frog] (1920), however, gathers some of the p…[Read more]

Travel has always been an extremely important theme in Irish-language literature, but often this travel was motivated by financial hardship and, up until the late twentieth century, Irish-language accounts of travel largely documented the emigrant experience. In more recent years, however, Irish-language literature has witnessed a transition from…[Read more]

Guidebooks play an important role in increasing the visibility of a nation, as they introduce the country to potential visitors and create images prior to travelling. However, they also tend to reinforce stereotypes and create “romantic fictions” (Mahn 2008). This article examines the representation of Wales in French and German guidebooks and con…[Read more]

In spite of a burgeoning recognition of the Welsh language as part of a wider appreciation of Welsh culture at the beginning of the nineteenth century (see Constantine 2014: 124), Home Tour writing about Wales remained largely Anglocentric (Borm, quoted in Colbert 2012: 85). The journals written by lady’s companions, Eliza and Millicent Bant, in 1…[Read more]