Three consecutive patriarchs of Esoteric Buddhism were Amoghavajra of India, Huiguo of China, and Kūkai of Japan. This paper foregrounds the usually taken-for-granted but vital historical role of language education and translation in the international spread of religion and culture. There had to be sufficiently educated bilingual or multilingual…[Read more]

Writing Assessment Literacy (WAL). However, it is neglected in Iranian context. Taking the importance of academic qualification, writing proficiency and teaching experience with regard to writing assessment, the present quantitative study made attempt to investigate the effect of academic qualification, writing proficiency and teaching experience…[Read more]

Word acquisition was one of the important and essential parts for language learning. One of the learning difficulties that many L2 learners at all ages and proficiency levels face was meaningful vocabulary learning and retention as opposed to rote memorization of L2 words. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of the…[Read more]

Due to subjectivity in oral assessment, much concentration has been put on obtaining a satisfactory measure of consistency among raters. However, obtaining consistency might not result in valid decisions. One matter that is at the core of both reliability and validity in oral performance is rater training. Recently, the Multifaceted Rasch…[Read more]

This book brings together thirteen contributors from diverse backgrounds – mean and women born in Cameroon, England, Scotland, South Africa, Zambia. What they all have in common is years of service within their respective communities, working individually and within projects and programmes, with both young people and adults to build social c…[Read more]

Highlights recent research on the cognitive-social media and big data analytics Presents transdisciplinary research on big data analytics Provides a comprehensive overview of the theory and praxis of big data analytics

This paper explores how Bucharest’s cinema-going public perceived the Nazi influence on Hollywood in the 1930s. The aim is to identify how Nazi propaganda was disseminated and consumed in interwar Bucharest and its similarities to the idea of glamour, relevant both to fashion and cinema. Considering the links between Goebbels’ propaganda mac…[Read more]

This article explores how public health was transformed in Egypt soon after its occupation by Great Britain in 1882. Over the course of the nineteenth century, the Egyptian state had invested substantially in health to boost the nation’s economic and military strength, and, especially after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, to address E…[Read more]

A goal for language learners is to function in plural languages according to their own needs and purposes. A bilingual perspective starts from that attainable goal. Learners in Japan tend to idealize L2 mastery or becoming bilingual, so it becomes other people’s business. Monolingual teachers tell students by their example, “go where I have not…[Read more]

Sometime in the second century CE, Pausanias of Magnesia (modern-day Turkey) wrote the Description of Greece. Ostensibly a tour of the places to see on the Greek mainland, the Description also provides historical accounts related to the topography through which Pausanias moves. Little attention has been given to how these building blocks of…[Read more]

Abstract: “Broadcasting change: in empathic dialogue with Duffy and Jennings’s graphic novel adaptation of Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower,” analyzes the medium-specificity of the adaptation by applying a combined theoretical approach that incorporates cognitive narratology and narrative empathy. A discursive dialogue between the two media…[Read more]

Introduction for the Challenges of Metadata Distribution for Open-Access Books session.