This article focuses on the personal and artistic career of one of the most representative composers of Spain in the second half of the 18th century and the first third of the 19th century. Ramón Garay, born in 1761 in Asturias, held the post of Chapel Master of Jaén Cathedral for 36 fruitful years, which saw the birth of an extraordinary production of musical works at the service of the Cathedral’s liturgy. Garay was also one of the pioneers in the introduction of the symphonic genre in Spain.