How could the ideal of a universal brotherhood of mankind be realized in an age of nationalism, colonialism and culture wars? “With God, for fatherland and humanity?” is the first comprehensive study of masonic internationalism. It explores, with a focus on England, France, Germany, and Italy, how European masonic associations promoted or opposed a worldwide organisation of the “brotherhood”. It argues that the transnational efforts before and after the First World War ended up reinforcing the differences they set out to overcome.