With increased interest in wisdom in the Hebrew Bible and beyond, new questions are being raised about the Wisdom Literature category, ranging from its setting to its boundaries and even its continued validity. Now, therefore, is an opportune time for the topic to receive the type of treatment that an Oxford Handbook will provide, in which a broad range of leading scholars in the field assess the current “state of the art” and reflect critically on where it is headed, spanning the gap between cutting-edge scholarship and standard textbook expositions. One feature of the current debates is the relationship between the wisdom concept and the literary category. The Oxford Handbook of Wisdom and Wisdom Literature will provide an opportunity to explore this relationship by setting contributions on wisdom as a concept in the Bible, related cultures, and the modern world alongside those on Wisdom Literature as a category, the texts associated with it, and their relationship with other biblical literature. Each article provides a critical review of the current state of research and then advances its own original argument about the future direction of the debate on the topic.