Whether someone is doing humanitarian action and peacebuilding in the violent neighborhoods of West Chicago or internationally in Mogadishu, Sana’a or Kabul one should ask, what is the relevance of a cultural understanding of conflict for humanitarian and peacebuilding practitioners? One must consider the origins and development of the culture to better understand how the culture thinks and acts. This awareness helps shape action as to what influences behavior. A detailed analysis of indigenous populations and cultures is essential to design and plan effective humanitarian action and peacebuilding.