DeVoe and House (2012; Experiment 3) demonstrated that the process of thinking about one’s incomein relation
to time (i.e., as an hourly wage) affected the enjoyment that participants derived from pleasurable experiences.
Participants compelled to think of “time is money” experienced more impatience and less enjoyment in reaction
to listening to a pleasurable piece of music compared to participants not asked to think of time as money. These
effects were attenuated when participants were financially compensated for this leisure time. This suggests that
putting a price on time can influence enjoyment of leisure activities, depending on the degree to which individuals
are compensated for engaging in these activities. To determine the reliability, andmagnitude, of the reported
effects, two preregistered high-powered close replications were conducted. These independent replication attempts,
as well as the analyses on the combined sample, failed to replicate the original pattern of findings. The
results of the current studies suggest that, using these operationalizations of the study variables, the interactive
effects of compensation and calculation cannot be considered robust and may not consistently predict happiness
or impatience.