By the turn of the twentieth century a distinct ‘social domain’ – along with its
constituent parts, problems and internal dynamics – was turned into a political entity, and
a concern for state bureaucracies existed across the industrializing world. Specific motivations
for this trend may have varied from location to location, but included arguments for higher
industrial productivity and less political discontent, often intertwined with a humanitarian
impulse in calls for better housing, expanded public health or improved working conditions.
As has been well documented, the politicization of the social domain in early twentieth-century
Britain owes much to the consolidation of British sociology as a distinct discipline. Yet while
the link between the rise of social politics and sociology has been established with regard to
Britain, little has been said about the occurrence of this coupling elsewhere in the twentiethcentury
British Empire. This article aims to rectify that omission by showing the interplay
between newly raised social concerns of the colonial administration in the Bombay Presidency,
Western British India, and the establishing of sociological research within the borders of the
Presidency around the time of the First World War. The article will explore how the colonial
administration in Bombay planned to meet new demands for sociological knowledge in
colonial state policy, how sociology was subsequently introduced into the Presidency as a
research subject, and how new sociological methods were applied in actual colonial
government.